Suggested Reading
The following lists comprise suggested readings for Nancy Krieger’s talk on “Health Justice, Critical Science, & the Two-Edged Sword of Data: Structural Problems Require Structural Solutions.”
Ecosocial Theory, Embodied Truths, and the People’s Health. Krieger N. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021
Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider? Krieger N. Soc Sci Med 1994; 39:887-903.
Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. Krieger N. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30:667-677.
Got theory? – on the 21st c CE rise of explicit use of epidemiologic theories of disease distribution: a review and ecosocial analysis. Krieger N. Current Epidemiol Reports 2014;1(1):45-56.
Embodiment: a conceptual glossary for epidemiology. Krieger N. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59:350-355.
Who and what is a “population?’ Historical debates, current controversies, and implications for understanding “population health” and rectifying health inequities. Krieger N. Milbank Quarterly 2012; 90:634-681.
The real ecological fallacy: epidemiology and global climate change. Krieger N. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 Aug; 69(8):803-4. doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205027. Epub 2014 Nov 17
History, biology, and health inequities: emergent embodied phenotypes & the illustrative case of the breast cancer estrogen receptor. Krieger N. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:22-27.
Structural racism, health inequities, and the two-edged sword of data: structural problems require structural solutions. Krieger N. FrontiersPublic Health 2021; 9:301;
From structural injustice to embodied harm: measuring racism, sexism, heterosexism, and gender binarism for health equity studies [PDF]. Krieger N. Annu Rev Public Health 2020; 41;37-62.
ENOUGH: COVID-19, structural racism, police brutality, plutocracy, climate change – and time for health justice, democratic governance, & an equitable sustainable future. Krieger N. Am J Public Health 2020; 110(11):1620-1623.
Discrimination and health inequities. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, Glymour M (eds). Krieger N. Social Epidemiology. 2nd ed. New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2014; 63-125.
Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: from societal injustice to embodied inequality – an ecosocial approach. Krieger N. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:936-945.
Breaking through and backlash: advancing awareness about racism, sexism, social class, and the people’s health. Krieger N. Am J Prev Med2022; 62(6):807-813.
Reprint of: Racism, sexism, and social class: Implications for studies of health, disease and well-being. Krieger N, Rowley DL, Herman AA, Avery B, Phillips MT. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62(6):816-863. Reprinted from: Am J Prev Med 1993; 9(6 suppl):82-122.
The unique impact of abolition of Jim Crow laws on reducing health inequities in infant death rates and implications for choice of comparison groups in analyzing societal determinants of health. Krieger N, Chen JT, Coull B, Waterman PD, Beckfield J. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:2234-2244.
Jim Crow and age-period-cohort analysis of premature mortality among the U.S. black and white population, 1960-2009. Krieger N, Chen JT, Coull BA, Beckfield J, Kiang MV, Waterman PD. Epidemiology 2014; 25:494-504.
Jim Crow and estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer: U.S.-born black & white non-Hispanic women, 1992-2012. Krieger N, Jahn JL, Waterman PD. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:49-59.
Breast cancer estrogen receptor by biological generation: U.S. black & white women, born 1915-1979. Krieger N, Jahn JL, Waterman PD, Chen JT. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:960-970.
The fall and rise of U.S. inequities in premature mortality: 1960-2002. Krieger N, Rehkopf DH, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Marcelli E, Kennedy M. PLoS Med 2008; 5(2): e46. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050046.
Shrinking, widening, reversing, and stagnating trends in U.S. socioeconomic inequities incancer mortality: 1960-2006. Krieger N, Chen JT, Kosheleva A, Waterman PD. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23: 297-319.
Not just smoking and high-tech medicine: socioeconomic inequities in U.S. mortality rates, 1960-2006. Krieger N, Chen JT, Kosheleva A, Waterman PD. Int J Health Services 2012; 42:293-322.
Public health monitoring of privilege and deprivation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE). Krieger N, Waterman PD, Spasojevic J, Li W, Maduro G, Van Wye G. Am J Public Health 2016; 106: 256-253
Black carbon exposure, socioeconomic and racial/ethnic spatial polarization, and the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE). Krieger N, Waterman PD, Gryparis A, Coull BA. Health & Place 2015; 34:215-228.
Local residential segregation matters: stronger association of census tract compared to conventional city-level measures with fatal and non-fatal assaults (total and firearm related), using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for racial, economic, and racialized economic segregation, Massachusetts (U.S.), 1995-2010. Krieger N, Feldman JM, Waterman PD, Chen JT, Coull BA, Hemenway D. J Urban Health 2017;94:244-258.
Measures of local segregation for monitoring health inequities by local health departments. Krieger N, Waterman PD, Batra N, Murphy JS, Dooley DP, Shah SN. Am J Public Health 2017; 107:903-906.
Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes at multiple geographic levels to monitor health inequities in an era of growing spatial social polarization: Massachusetts, USA (2010-2014). Krieger N, Kim R, Feldman J, Waterman PD. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:788-819.
Cancer incidence and multilevel measures of residential economic and racial segregation forcancer registries. Krieger N, Feldman JM, Kim R, Waterman PD. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2018 Apr 25; 2(1):pky009.
Racialized economic segregation and health outcomes: A systematic review of studies that use the Index of Concentration at the Extremes for race, income, and their interaction. Larrabee Sonderlund A, Charifson M, Schoenthaler A, Carson T, Williams NJ. PLoS One 2022 Jan 28;17(1):e0262962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262962
Historical redlining, structural racism, and preterm birth risk in New York City (2013-2017). Krieger N, Van Wye G, Huynh M, Waterman PD, Maduro G, Li W, Gwynn C, Barbot O, Bassett MT. Am J Public Health 2020; 110(7):1046-1053.
Cancer stage at diagnosis, historical redlining, and current neighborhood characteristics: breast, cervical, lung, and colorectal cancer, Massachusetts, 2001-2015. Krieger N, Wright E, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Huntley ER, Arcaya M. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189(10):1065-1075.
Breast cancer incidence, hormone receptor status, historical redlining, and current neighborhood characteristics in Massachusetts, 2005-2015. Wright E, Waterman PD, Testa C, Chen JT, Krieger N. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2022; 6(2).
Segregated by Design. Lopez M, Rothstein R, YouTooCanWoo. (documentary video). April 2019.
The U.S. Census and the people’s health: public health engagement from enslavement and “Indians not taxed” to census tracts and health equity (1790-2018). Krieger N. Am J Public Health. 2019 Aug;109(8):1092-1100.
A century of census tracts: health and the body politic (1906-2006). Krieger N. J Urban Health 2006; 83:355-361.
Measuring race and ethnicity across the decades: 1790-2010. U.S. Census.
Household Pulse Survey updates sex question, now asks about sexual orientation and gender identity. August 5, 2021. U.S. Census.
The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project 2.0. Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Testa C.
The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project 2.0 Training Manual. Testa C, Chen JT, Hall E, Javadi D, Morgan J, Rushovich T, Saha S, Waterman PD, Krieger N. Available as of October 30, 2022.
The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project Monograph. Krieger N, Waterman PD, Chen JT, Rehkopf DH, Subramanian SV. Available as of June 30, 2004 .
Using the methods of the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project to monitor COVID-19 inequities and guide action for health justice (May 15, 2020). Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD.
Painting a truer picture of U.S. socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project. Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Rehkopf DH, Subramanian SV. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:312-323.
Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: validation and application of a census- based methodology. Krieger N. Am J Public Health 1992; 82:703-710.
View list of Nancy Krieger COVID-19 publications.
Conceptual
ENOUGH: COVID-19, structural racism, police brutality, plutocracy, climate change – and time for health justice, democratic governance, & an equitable sustainable future. Krieger N. Am J Public Health 2020; 110(11):1620-1623.
The fierce urgency of now: closing glaring gaps in U.S. surveillance data on COVID-19. Krieger N, Gonsalves G, Bassett MT, Hanage W, Krumholz HM. Health Affairs Blog, April 14, 2020.
The interwoven threads of inequality and health. The coronavirus crisis is revealing the inequities inherent in public health due to societal factors, Nancy Krieger, a professor of social epidemiology, says. (Interview with Nancy Krieger). Chotiner I. The New Yorker, April 14, 2020.
COVID-19, data, and health justice. Krieger N. To the Point. Commonwealth Fund, April 16, 2020.
Empirical
COVID-19 and overall mortality inequities in the surge in death rates by ZIP Code characteristics: Massachusetts, January 1 to May 19, 2020. Krieger N, Waterman PD, Chen JT. Am J Public Health 2020; 110(12):1850-1852 (Epub 2020 Oct 15).
Revealing the unequal burden of COVID-19 by income, race/ethnicity, and household crowding: US county versus ZIP Code analyses. Chen JT, Krieger N. J Public Health Manag Pract 2021; 27(Suppl 1):S43-S56 (Epub 2020 Sept 9)
COVID-19: US Federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities – lessons for the future. Hanage WP, Testa C, Chen JT, David L, Pechter E, Seminario P, Santillana M, Krieger N. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:995-1006 (Epub 2020 Nov 2).
Intersectional inequities in COVID-19 mortality by race/ethnicity and education in the United States, January 1, 2020 – January 31, 2021[PDF]. Chen JT, Testa C, Waterman PD, Krieger N. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Volume 21, No. 3, February 23, 2021.
Attack America’s overlapping miseries: Why going big on relief is an economic, public health, and moral imperative. Krieger N, Testa C, Waterman PD, Chen JT. New York Daily News, February 17, 2021; for detailed data, see Krieger et al HCPDS Working Paper Vol 21, No 2 (February 13, 2021).
A warning against using static U.S. county-level community data to guide equity in COVID-19 vaccine distribution: temporal and spatial correlations of community characteristics with COVID-19 cases and deaths vary enormously and are increasingly uninformative. Krieger N, Testa C, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Hanage WP. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Working Paper, Volume 20, Number 5, December 1, 2020.
Political lean: a crucial variable for monitoring COVID-19 in the United States. Krieger N, Chen JT, Testa C, Waterman PD, Hanage WP. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Working Paper, Volume 21, Number 5, October 8, 2021.
Relationship of political ideology of U.S. federal and state elected officials and key COVID pandemic outcomes following vaccine rollout to adults: April 2021-March 2022. Krieger N, Testa C, Chen JT, Hanage WP, McGregor AJ. Lancet Reg Health Am 2022;16:100384. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100384. Epub 2022 Oct 31.
“Worldmapper: Mapping Your World as You’ve Never Seen it Before.” Worldmapper original version. Worldmapper new version.
Profiting from Pain. Oxfam. May 2022
Survival of the Richest. Oxfam. January 2023.
Wealth inequality in the United States. Inequality.org. 2023.
“Very harmful’ lack of data blunts U.S. response to outbreaks.” NY Times (9/20/22).
Trade-offs: your money, your choices. National Priorities Project.
Fixing U.S. public health infrastructure for 1% of annual military budget. Krieger N. (letter) Lancet 2022; 400(10363):1581.